Balance of Payments

Balance of Payments (BOP) chu ram pakhat hun eng emawni chhunga sum leh pai che vel (lut leh chhuak) tarlan na a ni a, ramdang te nena in sumdawn tawnna sum leh pai che vel record na a ni. Company in financial statement balance sheet leh profit and loss acount a neih ang bawkin, ram pum huap atan balance of payments hman a ni ve thug a ni.
A tlangpuiin BOP hi quarter (thla li dan ah) tin a chut thin a ni a, sawrkar leh private business ten ram pawn atanga sum leh pai an lak luh leh pekchhuah a tarlang  ni.
Ram chungah sum lakluh hi credit tiin an sawi thin a, sum chhuak ve thung erawh chu debit an ti ve thung. BOP hi a hming ah balance anih ang bawk hian, balance hi zero reng tur a ni a, awmzia chu credit leh debit hi a intluk reng tur a ni.
Entirnan: Credit ah Rs.500000/- anih chuan debit lamah pawh Rs.500000/- a ni reng tur a ni. Lakluh leh pekchhuah a intluk reng tur tihna a ni.
Balance of Payments atang hian ram sum leh pai dinhmun a deficit nge surplus chhut thin a ni.

Balance of payments hi hmun thum a thendarh a ni a, chungte chu:-

1.Current Account,

2. Capital Account leh

3. Official Reserve Account te an ni.

Current Account: Current Account hian Import leh Export (Goods and Services) a record a, chu bakah sawrkar leh private in an investment atanga an lakluh pawh dah tel a ni. Sawi zau hret ila, Import leh Export ah hian mechandise kan tih mai bungrua lakluh leh pekchuah, lei/hralh leh gift anga pekchhuah ho a tarlang a, bakah sevices kan tih bungrua hralhna ni lemlo service pek atanga lakluh pawh a huam tel a ni.Chungte chu tourism, transport, management consulting, patents and copyrights, etc, te a huam tel a ni. Heng zawng zawng lakkhawm hian Balance of Trade (BOT) a siam chhuak a ni. BOT hi Import leh Export in a huam hlawm lian ber te zing a mi a ni, Trade Deficit leh Trade Surplus tarlang tu ber a ni.
Hei bakah hian sum lut thenkhat- stock/dividends, ram danga hnathawk in in lama a sum thawn luh leh ram dang atanga puihna te pawh a huam tel a ni.

Capital Account: Capital Account hian sumfai nilo hlutna nei, bungrua emaw sum nilo mahse sum chang thei (capital transfer) a vawng ve thung a, chungte chu asset kan tih ram te, company acquire te, lunghlu khur (gold mine), etc. te an ni.
Hei bakah capital account hi zau zawk a thenhran na ah chuan- leiba ngaihdam te, in leh lo ram dang atanga lo in suan lut leh in suan chhuak, neitu in hlan chhawng, tax leiba (ro luahtu) in hlan chhawng, fixed assets leina leh hralhna a sum ut leh chhuak, etc. a huam tel vek a ni.

Official Reserve Account: Reserve Account (Financial Reserve Account) hian sum leh pai che vel (international transfers) investment, real estate, stocks leh bonds te a vawng vek thung a ni. Heng bakah hian sawrkar asset- foreign reserve, gold reserve, IMF atanga Special Drawign Rights (SDRs), Foreign Direct Investment, etc te a huam tel a ni. Sawrkar, private leh foreigner te asset neih te pawh a huam bawk a ni.